Speak More Naturally in English

Relative Sentences · Adjectives & Adverbs · Tense Accuracy · B2 Level

Lesson aim:

Today we will learn how to build longer, clearer and more natural English sentences. The focus is not only grammar. The focus is using grammar while speaking.

1. Grammar Introduction Cards

What are we learning today?

Click each card. The front gives the English idea. The back gives a deeper explanation and a button to translate only the rule.

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Grammar idea

Relative Sentence

A sentence part that adds extra information about a person, thing, place or possession.

Relative Sentence

It connects ideas so your speaking sounds smoother.

Basic: I have a teacher. She helps me.

Better: I have a teacher who helps me.

Rule: Use relative words like who, which/that, where and whose to add information.

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Grammar idea

Adjective

A word that describes a person, place, thing or idea.

Adjective

Adjectives help you describe nouns clearly.

She is confident.

He gave a clear answer.

Rule: Use adjectives before nouns or after verbs like be, seem, look, feel.

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Grammar idea

Adverb

A word that describes how, when or how often an action happens.

Adverb

Adverbs usually describe verbs/actions.

She speaks clearly.

He answered confidently.

Rule: Use adverbs to describe actions. Many adverbs end in -ly, but not all.

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Grammar idea

Tense Accuracy

Choosing the correct time form when you speak about past, present or future.

Tense Accuracy

Correct tenses make your answer easier to follow.

Last year, I started learning more seriously.

Recently, I have been preparing more often.

Rule: Think first: finished past, present situation, recent change, duration, or future plan?

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Speaking goal

Longer Answers

Use grammar to add details, not to sound complicated.

Longer Answers

Good B2 speaking is clear, connected and developed.

Basic: My friend is kind.

Better: My friend, who always listens carefully, is incredibly kind.

Rule: Add one useful detail at a time. Do not make every sentence too long.

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Exam/speaking skill

Natural Detail

Small grammar improvements can make your answer sound much more mature.

Natural Detail

Use one relative sentence, one strong adjective and one accurate adverb.

A person who communicates clearly is easier to trust.

Rule: Quality is better than quantity. One accurate complex sentence is better than three confusing ones.

2. Relative Sentences

Connecting ideas naturally

A relative sentence gives extra information. This helps you avoid short, separate sentences.

What is a relative sentence?

A relative sentence adds information about a noun. It often starts with who, which, that, where or whose.

Basic: I know a student. She works very hard.

Better: I know a student who works very hard.

Relative word	Use it for...	Example
who	people	The teacher who helped me was patient.
which	things / ideas	The subject which I find difficult is grammar.
that	people or things, common in speech	The film that we watched was emotional.
where	places	The city where I grew up is peaceful.
whose	possession	The girl whose brother studies here is my friend.

Defining relative sentence

This gives necessary information. Without it, we do not know exactly who/what you mean.

The person who called me was my cousin.

Non-defining relative sentence

This gives extra information. It usually uses commas.

My cousin, who lives in Vienna, called me yesterday.

Common mistakes

✗ The person which helped me was kind.
✓ The person who helped me was kind.

Why is the first sentence incorrect?
We use who for people.
We usually use which for things or animals.

✗ The place which I grew up is quiet.
✓ The place where I grew up is quiet.

Why is the first sentence incorrect?
We use where for places.
The sentence talks about a location.

✗ The girl who bag is blue is my sister.
✓ The girl whose bag is blue is my sister.

Why is the first sentence incorrect?
We use whose to show possession.
The bag belongs to the girl.

Exercise 1: Choose the correct relative word

1. A person ___ listens carefully is a good friend.

2. This is the town ___ I grew up.

3. The book ___ I borrowed was useful.

4. The woman ___ daughter studies English is very friendly.

Exercise 2: Join the sentences

1. I have a friend. She always encourages me.

I have a friend who always encourages me.

2. I visited a café. We met there last summer.

I visited the café where we met last summer.

3. I watched a film. It made me think deeply.

I watched a film that made me think deeply.

4. I know a student. Her English has improved a lot.

I know a student whose English has improved a lot.

Speaking Builder

Describe a person who helped you learn something important.

Describe a place where you feel relaxed.

3. Adjectives & Adverbs

Describing nouns and actions

Adjectives

Adjectives describe nouns: people, places, things and ideas.

She is a confident speaker.

The answer was clear.

Adverbs

Adverbs describe verbs/actions, adjectives, or sometimes whole sentences.

She speaks confidently.

He answered very clearly.

Adjective	Adverb	Example
careful	carefully	She writes carefully.
confident	confidently	He speaks confidently.
fluent	fluently	They speak fluently.
clear	clearly	She explains things clearly.
good	well	He plays well.
hard	hard	She works hard.
fast	fast	He drives fast.

Where do they go?

Adjective before noun: a careful student, a confident speaker

Adjective after be/seem/look/feel: She is careful. He seems confident.

Adverb after action: She speaks clearly. He answered calmly.

Common mistakes

✗ She speaks very good.
✓ She speaks very well.

✗ He is carefully.
✓ He is careful.

✗ I speak English fluent.
✓ I speak English fluently.

✗ This is a clearly explanation.
✓ This is a clear explanation.

Exercise 3: Choose adjective or adverb

1. She is a very ___ student.

2. He answered the question ___.

3. My friend speaks English very ___.

4. This explanation is ___.

Exercise 4: Correct the mistake

1. She speaks very good English.

She speaks very good English. / She speaks English very well.
Both are possible, but the meaning changes: good describes English; well describes speaks.

2. He explained the problem careful.

He explained the problem carefully.

3. I feel confidently when I practise often.

I feel confident when I practise often.

4. She gave a clearly answer.

She gave a clear answer.

Speaking Builder

Describe a good communicator. Use at least three adjectives and two adverbs.

4. Tense Accuracy in Speaking

Using the right tense while giving longer answers

This section connects today’s grammar with tense accuracy. The aim is not to learn every tense today, but to choose the right tense while speaking.

Meaning	Tense	Example	Common signal
Finished past	Past Simple	I started this course last year.	yesterday, last year, in 2023
Experience / recent change	Present Perfect	I have become more confident recently.	recently, already, ever, never
Duration until now	Present Perfect Continuous	I have been preparing for several weeks.	for, since, lately
Temporary current action	Present Continuous	I am focusing on grammar this month.	now, currently, this month
General habit/fact	Present Simple	I usually revise in the evening.	usually, often, every week
Future plan/intention	Going to / will	I am going to practise more speaking.	next week, soon, in the future

Quick tense decision

Ask yourself: Is it finished? Is it still connected to now? Is it a habit? Is it happening temporarily? Is it future?

Exercise 5: Choose the correct tense

1. I ___ English more seriously since January.

2. Last weekend, I ___ a long article in English.

3. Recently, I ___ more confident when I speak.

4. This month, I ___ on grammar and speaking.

Exercise 6: Build a full B2 answer

Use at least one tense change, one relative sentence, one adjective and one adverb.

Talk about a skill you have improved recently.

Recently, I have become more confident in speaking because I have been practising regularly. One teacher who helped me a lot explained mistakes clearly, which made grammar less stressful.

Talk about a person who helped you learn something.

When I was younger, I had a teacher who encouraged me patiently. She was strict but supportive, and she explained difficult topics very clearly.

5. Final Mixed Test

Relative sentences, adjectives, adverbs and tenses

This final test checks everything together.

Part A: Multiple Choice

1. The student ___ asked the question was very confident.

2. She explained the answer very ___.

3. I ___ for this exam for three weeks.

4. This is the school ___ my cousin studies.

5. He is a ___ speaker.

6. Last year, I ___ a presentation in English.

Part B: Correct the sentence

1. The person which helped me was very kindly.

The person who helped me was very kind.

2. I have visited Vienna last year.

I visited Vienna last year.

3. She speaks English very fluent.

She speaks English very fluently.

4. This is the city which I grew up.

This is the city where I grew up.

Part C: Final Speaking Challenge

Speak for 1–2 minutes:

Describe a person who has influenced you. Explain how this person helped you, what qualities they have, and how you have changed because of them.

Checklist:

1 relative sentence 2 adjectives 2 adverbs 1 past tense 1 present perfect tense

One person who has influenced me a lot is a teacher I had a few years ago. She was patient, honest and very supportive. When I struggled with speaking, she explained my mistakes clearly and encouraged me gently. Since then, I have become more confident, and I have been trying to express my ideas more naturally. I think people who communicate calmly can help others feel more relaxed and motivated.

Teacher / Student Notes

Speak More Naturally in English

What are we learning today?

Relative Sentence

Adjective

Adverb

Tense Accuracy

Longer Answers

Natural Detail

Connecting ideas naturally

What is a relative sentence?

Defining relative sentence

Non-defining relative sentence

Common mistakes

Exercise 1: Choose the correct relative word

Exercise 2: Join the sentences

Speaking Builder

Describing nouns and actions

Adjectives

Adverbs

Where do they go?

Common mistakes

Exercise 3: Choose adjective or adverb

Exercise 4: Correct the mistake

Speaking Builder

Using the right tense while giving longer answers

Quick tense decision

Exercise 5: Choose the correct tense

Exercise 6: Build a full B2 answer

Relative sentences, adjectives, adverbs and tenses

Part A: Multiple Choice

Part B: Correct the sentence

Part C: Final Speaking Challenge